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Definitions of common terms used in the palm-oil market
Fresh fruit bunches (FFB) with about 18% extractable oil — the standard quality grade for Thai palm. Mills typically reference their buying price to 18% oil content.
Distance to the mill, fruit quality, weather, local supply, and number of competing mills all influence price. Surat Thani, Krabi, and Chumphon are the main producing provinces and tend to set the benchmark.
Crude Palm Oil — extracted from the fruit. Grade A is mesocarp oil; Grade B is total oil. Malaysian markets quote in MYR/ton.
RBD = Refined, Bleached, Deodorized. PO = Palm Oil (whole). PL = Palm Olein (liquid fraction, cooking oil). ST = Stearin (solid fraction, margarine/soap).
The reference daily exchange rate published by the Bank of Thailand — the midpoint of buying and selling rates, used for accounting and reporting. Available via the BOT Open API.